A GPS is a tool. A topographic map is knowledge. Here is how to read contour lines, identify terrain features, and find the places that produce animals and fish.
Contour Lines: The Foundation
A contour line connects all points at the same elevation. Understanding contour lines lets you visualise three-dimensional terrain from a two-dimensional map — the core skill that separates effective navigation from GPS dependency.
Closely spaced lines = steep terrain. When contour lines are crowded together, you are looking at a cliff, steep slope, or bluff.
Widely spaced lines = gentle terrain. A flat valley floor, gentle ridge, or plateau.
V-shapes pointing uphill = gullies and drainage lines. These carry water and are the routes animals use to travel through steep country.
V-shapes pointing downhill = ridges and spurs. High ground that connects features and provides vantage points.
Finding Game on a Map
Before entering country, identify these features:
- Water sources: Creeks, soaks, dams. In dry conditions, game concentrates here.
- Saddles: Low points on ridgelines where animals cross between drainages. These are crossing points and travel corridors.
- Benches: Flat ground on a steep slope — these areas collect feed and moisture and attract deer and game.
- North-facing slopes: In cold weather, north-facing slopes get more sun, hold more warmth, and attract animals seeking thermal benefit.
Map Scale
1:25,000 is the standard scale for serious navigation — enough detail to identify individual gullies and benches. 1:50,000 provides regional overview but lacks the detail needed for precise route planning in complex terrain. Always carry the most detailed map available for your area.
